Resources

Resources to Support Implementation

Featured resources: See the links below for resources to support LEAs’ evidence-based procurement, including RFA’s Evidence-Based Procurement Checklist.

Evidence-Based Procurement Checklist

Use this checklist in combination with the strategies in the LEA Education Evidence-Based Spending Guide to incorporate evidence regularly and consistently into procurement processes.

Clearly Define Evidence

• RFA's Evidence Definitions support government leaders to learn, improve and invest in what works. RFA additionally distinguishes between "Evidence-Based Program" and "Evidence-Building Program" and the various types of evidence that might go into each. 
• RFA's Evidence-Based Spending High-Impact Tutoring Request for Proposals Template Language and Guidance provides model language and guidance for local education agencies (LEAs) to adopt or adapt into their own RFPs for evidence-based high-impact tutoring providers.
• Chapter 1 of RFA's Evaluation Policy Guide provides guidance on how local organizations can define evidence. 
• Because the evidence-based spending strategies that LEAs apply to procurement can also be applied to state- and federal-level grant programs,  federal- and state-level evidence-based grant programs can serve as models for local level requests for proposals or applications.  
  • RFA’s Honor Roll of State Grant Programs that Define and Prioritize Evidence includes 14 examples of grant programs administered by SEAs that define and prioritize evidence of effectiveness as of January 2025. More resources on how SEAs can define evidence within their grant programs are available here.
  • Results for America has identified 46 federal education grant programs that define and prioritize evidence of effectiveness.
• The federal Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) evidence definition includes four levels of evidence, determined by a combination of study design and study results.

• AmeriCorps has a common evidence framework for funding decisions in the Senior Corps and AmeriCorps state and national programs, including pre-preliminary, preliminary, moderate, and strong evidence tiers. In fiscal year 2022, 64% of competitively awarded funds were invested in interventions with moderate and strong evidence. In 2023, 30 states used this federal definition of evidence in their most recent AmeriCorps grant applications.

• The Colorado Workforce Development Council developed an evidence continuum to inform the creation and delivery of technical assistance to build capacity and increase the body of evidence for effective talent initiatives in Colorado.

• The Results First Initiative within the state of Minnesota’s Management and Budget Office created an evidence framework to rate the state’s programs and services. In this framework, programs and services are considered evidence-based if they fall in the “Proven Effective” or “Promising” categories. Ratings from each program are publicized in the Minnesota Inventory, a state evidence clearinghouse. The Colorado Workforce Development Council developed an evidence continuum to inform the creation and delivery of technical assistance to build capacity and increase the body of evidence for effective talent initiatives in Colorado.

• In 2019, the state of New Mexico passed the Evidence and Research Based Funding Requests Act, which defined four tiers of evidence and required state agencies to categorize sub-programs according to these tiers and report on the amount allocated for each tier. Each year, New Mexico’s Legislative Finance Committee oversees this work, providing budget guidance for agencies, recommendations for evidence-based programs, training, and technical assistance.

• The Tennessee Evidence Framework considers programs evidence-based if they are supported by at least one rigorous evaluation. This framework is used as part of a program inventory to identify how funding is allocated across different programs, the services provided, and any evidence tied to the program’s outcomes. For Tennessee, rigorous evaluations include randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs that use comparison groups.

• The Texas Workforce Commission (TWC) began using its Evidence Framework to prioritize evidence of effectiveness when awarding $1.5 million in training grants for the 2021 Building and Construction Trades Program, which prepares youth for employment in construction occupations. TWC provided up to 10 points (out of 110) to applicants based on the causal evidence supporting each application, and up to 15% of grant payments were tied to specified outputs and outcomes, including participation completion, receipt of industry-based certification and employment. For more details, see pages 5-9 of the grant solicitation. TWC has continued to leverage this framework across other grant programs including the Texas Talent Connection Program, Perkins Equitable Access and Opportunity Program, and additional rounds of Building and Construction Trades grants (2022, 2023).

Define Desired Outcomes

• Innovation Network’s Logic Model Workbook and Examples, Templates & Checklist

• Metzenbaum, Shelley H. 2021. Federal Grants Management: Improving Outcomes. IBM Center for the Business of Government

• W.K. Kellogg Foundation Logic Model Development Guide

• The Pell Institute’s resource on How to Create a Logic Model

• The Southern Education Foundation provides resources and training on outcomes-based contracting for K-12 districts, including an Outcomes-Based Contracting Playbook, RFP templates, contract templates, rate calculators and other resources through their Outcomes Based Contracting Toolkit.

• How Outcomes-Based Funding Models Can Improve the Effectiveness of State and Local Governments | What Matters: Investing in Results to Build Strong, Vibrant Communities (investinresults.org)

Build Evidence Through Evaluations

• RFA’s Evaluation Policy Guide and accompanying Evaluation Policy Checklist can help LEAs consider the key elements they will want to incorporate into an evaluation policy and includes a broad range of resources on using evidence and evaluation to power better outcomes for all.
• Learning agendas help LEA leaders make decisions about when and how to use limited resources to engage in data collection, analysis and evaluation activities. More learning agenda resources are available here. 
• [placeholder] resources on building capacity
• A February 2022 special issue of Evaluation Review is dedicated to discussing evaluation technical assistance.
• Evaluation and capacity building for development and use of evidence were key objectives of Americorps’ Social Innovation Fund. Americorps published a paper called “Lessons from the Social Innovation Fund: A Tested Evaluation Technical Assistance Approach to Strengthening Evaluation Practice and Building A Body of Evidence.” Currently AmeriCorps provides all grantees with evaluation capacity building, training and technical assistance through a contract that provides help with evaluation plans and reports, facilitated peer learning, one-on-one coaching, and a self-paced curriculum.

• Chapter 3 of RFA’s Evaluation Policy Guide focuses on The Power of Incorporating Community. For LEAs, the community may include teachers, students, families and other community members. The chapter includes guidance on how to incorporate community input throughout the evaluation process, ideas on how to overcome common challenges in community engagement, and an exercise to walk LEAs through incorporating teachers, students, families and communities into the evaluation process.
• Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) is a research methodology that recognizes the significant role that youth can play in co-designing research and solutions focused on the education issues that matter most to them. YPAR requires LEA leaders and staff to share decision-making with youth, centering their experiences and voice and recognizing their authority over their educational experiences. KnowledgeWorks’ resource, Youth Participatory Action Research: A Guidebook and Curriculum, provides guidance on how to start and support YPAR in schools, including how to prepare educators for engaging in YPAR.
• Community-Based Participatory Action Research (PAR) is a research approach that engages community members as full partners at every stage of the research process. PAR disrupts historical power imbalances between researchers and communities, generating better research and knowledge. The Conservation Law Foundation’s PAR Field Guide includes guidance on setting up a PAR project, developing research questions and tools, and collecting and analyzing data.
• Chicago Beyond’s Why Am I Always Being Studied? aims to level the playing field between researchers and communities during evaluations. The guidebook includes questions and considerations for researchers, community-based organizations, and funders to ensure evaluations reflect community needs, goals, experience and expertise.
• Urban Institute’s Community Voice and Power Sharing Guidebook offers practical advice on partnership building, community advisory boards, community-engaged survey development and youth engagement. Urban has also created a guide for holding Data Walks.

Implement Performance Management in Procurement

• The Harvard Kennedy School Government Performance Lab’s (GPL) data-driven performance management framework

• Harvard Kennedy School’s Government Performance Lab. Active Contract Management: How Governments Can Collaborate More Effectively with Social Service Providers to Achieve Better Results

• The federal Performance Improvement Council’s (PIC) resource on Performance Measures Basics

• GPL’s Five Elements to Include in Every Performance Dashboard includes insights relevant to any strategy for communicating about performance measures.

Additional Resources

• Investing in What Works 101. These slides contain examples of how federal and state agencies are investing in what works through grants, contracts, budget systems, and direct services.

• Prioritizing Evidence in State Grant Programs. This webpage briefly summarizes the process of prioritizing evidence and provides examples from state agencies.

• Honor Roll of State Grant Programs. This dashboard identifies more than 50 state grant programs that define and prioritize evidence.